特殊句型学习(5):倒装句

全部倒装：全部的谓语放在主语之前。

1.There/Here+be/exist/appear/come/happen/lie/live/occur/remain/seem/stand/used to 等不及动词

Nowadays，there are scores of modern art stlyes. 如今，现代艺术风格有几十种。

There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一座古庙。

There exist different opinions on this problem.关于这个问题，有很多不同的意见。

Here is a letter for you.这里有你的信。

2.Here/There,now/then，out/in ，up/down，thus，away等副词开头，且主语为名词，谓语动词是come/go/be/exist/lie/follow/remain等不及物动词

There goes the bell.铃响了。

Here comes the bus.汽车来了。

Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出来。

Away went Tom.汤姆走了。

注意：主语是人称代词时则不倒装。如

There you go again.你又来这套。

Here he comes .他来了。

Here you are . 给你。

Here it is.在这里。

Up she comes .她上来了。

3.表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语是be/stand/sit/lie 等

In the front of the classroom sits a teacher.在教室的前面坐着一位老师。

On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse.每张纸上都有一匹马的图画。

On the ground lay a sick goat.地上躺着一头生病的山羊。

4.分词/形容词(+介词短语)+be +主语

Seated /Sitting in the front were the leaders.坐在前面的是领导。

Present at the meeting were Mr.White and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特先生以及其他嘉宾。

5.为了使句子平衡，或上下文紧密衔接，或强调表语或状语，要倒装。

They arrived at an old house,in front of which sat an old man.他们来到一间老房子，房子前面坐着一位老人。

Gone are the days when we had to rely on them.我们不得不依赖他们的日子一去不复返。

部分倒装：将谓语的一部分（如助动词/情态动词/系动词be移至主语前，谓语的其他部分仍在主语之后）

1.So/Neither/Nor +be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表示前面说的情况也适用于另一人或事物。

He saw the film last week.So did I.

他上周看过这电影，我也是。

I have never been abroad.Neither has he .我从没出过国，他也是。

He is interested in history.So am I.

他对历史感兴趣，我也是。

He is not interested in math.Nor am I.

他对数学没有兴趣，我也是。

注意：如果后一句话只是表示重复强调前面句子的意思，即“的确如此”的意思，则不倒装：

--It was really cold yesterday.--So it was.--昨天真的很冷。--确实是！

如果表示按某人的意思做了某事，so(这么)也不用提前：

The teacher asked me to read aloud，and I did so.老师要我大声读，我大声读了。

2.具有否定或半否定意义的副词以及含否定词的介词短语、连词位于句首，主句要部分倒装。

常见有：hardly/scarcely/barely(几乎不)，little(很少)，never (从不)，seldom(很少)，rarely(很少)，nowhere(哪里都不)，not until(直到…才)，not only …but also…(不但…而且…)，no longer (不再)，by no mean/in no case /on no account(决不)，in no time(立刻)，at no time (任何时候都不)，on no condition(无论如何也不)，under no circumstance(决不)，no sooner than …/Hardly/scarecely…when…(刚…就…)

Never shall I forget the day .我决不会忘记这一天。

Little did he know that the police were around.他一点也不知道警察就在周围。

Hardly could she believe her own eyes. 她几乎不能相信自己的眼睛。

Seldom does he go there recently.最近他很少去那里。

Not until I came home last night did Mum go to bed.昨晚直到我回家妈妈才去睡觉。

In no case are you to leave your post.你绝不可以离开工作岗位。

No sooner had we got home than it began to rain.我们刚到家天就开始下雨了。

Hardly/Scarecely had we reached the station when the train left .我们刚到车站火车就开了。

3.Only +状语（从句）开头，主句部分倒装:

Only recently have I had time to read the book.只有最近我才有时间看这本书。

Only by working hard can we succeed.

只有努力工作我们才能成功。

Only when one is away from home does he know how nice home is.一个人只有当他离开家的时候才知道家有多好。

注意：only 修饰主语时不倒装，only之后的状语从句也不倒装：

Only he knows the answer.只有他知道答案。

Only when you believe in him will he help you.只有在你信任他的时候他才会帮你。

4.often/always/once/many a time /now and then /every other day /every two hours等作状语开头的句子

Often did I speak of him.以前我常说起他。

Always does she ask me for money.她老是问我要钱。

Many a time has he helped me .他帮了我很多次。

Now and then did he go to the movie. 他偶尔去看一次电影。

5.So /Such… that…(如此…以致…)句型

Such a good teacher is he that wr all like him.

So good a teacher is he that we all like him.

他是一位如此好的老师以致我们却喜欢他。

6.as /though 引导的让步状语从句：表语/状语/原形动词+as/though+主语+be/助动词/情态动词

Poor as he was ，he was honest.

他虽然很穷，但很诚实。

Child as he is ，he knows a lot about history.尽管他是个孩子，可是关于历史他知道很多。

Hard as he worked，he was not able to pass the exam.尽管努力了，但他仍然没能通过考试。

Try as he may ，he failed.尽管他可能努力了，但还是失败了。

7.省略了if的虚拟条件句：

Were she my friend，I would ask her for help.

她要是我朋友的话，我就向她请求帮助了。

Should he come tomorrow，I would tell you.如果他明天来，我就告诉你。

Had it not been for the captain，the ship would have sunk.要不是船长的话，船早就沉没了。