在ASP.NET Core 6.0中，官方提供了内置日志记录提供程序,如:
- 控制台-提供程序将输出记录到控制台
- EventLog-提供程序将日志输出发送到 Windows 事件日志
- …
除了内置日志功能外，也有很多第三方日志记录提供程序,这里列举几个比较热门的日志组件:
- Log4Net-(Github)[https://github.com/huorswords/Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Log4Net.AspNetCore]
- NLog-(Github)[https://github.com/NLog/NLog.Extensions.Logging]
- Serilog-(Github)[https://github.com/serilog/serilog-aspnetcore]
- Sentry-(Github)[https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-dotnet]
接下来，我们便学习如何在程序里使用这些组件
Log4Net
安装Log4Net包
创建配置文件
新建一个名为log4net.config的配置文件
加入配置
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<log4net>
<appender name="Console" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender">
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<!-- Pattern to output the caller's file name and line number -->
<conversionPattern value="%date %5level %logger.%method [%line] - MESSAGE: %message%newline %exception" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="RollingFile" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
<file value="example.log" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<maximumFileSize value="100KB" />
<maxSizeRollBackups value="2" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date %5level %logger.%method [%line] - MESSAGE: %message%newline %exception" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="TraceAppender" type="log4net.Appender.TraceAppender">
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date %5level %logger.%method [%line] - MESSAGE: %message%newline %exception" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ManagedColoredConsoleAppender">
<mapping>
<level value="ERROR" />
<foreColor value="Red" />
</mapping>
<mapping>
<level value="WARN" />
<foreColor value="Yellow" />
</mapping>
<mapping>
<level value="INFO" />
<foreColor value="White" />
</mapping>
<mapping>
<level value="DEBUG" />
<foreColor value="Green" />
</mapping>
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date %5level %logger.%method [%line] - MESSAGE: %message%newline %exception" />
</layout>
</appender>
<root>
<level value="TRACE" />
<appender-ref ref="RollingFile" />
<appender-ref ref="TraceAppender" />
<appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender" />
</root>
</log4net>
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使用Log4Net
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| builder.Logging.ClearProviders();
builder.Logging.AddLog4Net();
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然后在需要记录日志的地方引入，使用ILogger，这里我依然以OrderController为例
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| private readonly ILogger<OrdersController> _logger;
public OrdersController(DemoContext context, ILogger<OrdersController> logger)
{
_context = context;
_logger = logger;
}
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当我们访问该接口后，会在控制台打印出相关信息
亦会在运行目录下生成名为example.log的日志文件
NLog
安装NLog
创建配置文件
新建一个名为nlog.config的配置文件，并加入如下配置
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
autoReload="true"
internalLogLevel="Info"
throwConfigExceptions="true"
internalLogFile="c:\temp\internal-nlog-AspNetCore6.txt">
<!-- enable asp.net core layout renderers -->
<extensions>
<add assembly="NLog.Web.AspNetCore"/>
</extensions>
<!-- the targets to write to -->
<targets>
<!-- File Target for all log messages with basic details -->
<target xsi:type="File" name="allfile" fileName="c:\temp\nlog-AspNetCore6-all-${shortdate}.log"
layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger}|${message} ${exception:format=tostring}" />
<!-- File Target for own log messages with extra web details using some ASP.NET core renderers -->
<target xsi:type="File" name="ownFile-web" fileName="c:\temp\nlog-AspNetCore6-own-${shortdate}.log"
layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger}|${message} ${exception:format=tostring}|url: ${aspnet-request-url}|action: ${aspnet-mvc-action}|${callsite}| body: ${aspnet-request-posted-body}" />
<!--Console Target for hosting lifetime messages to improve Docker / Visual Studio startup detection -->
<target xsi:type="Console" name="lifetimeConsole" layout="${MicrosoftConsoleLayout}" />
</targets>
<!-- rules to map from logger name to target -->
<rules>
<!--All logs, including from Microsoft-->
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="allfile" />
<!--Output hosting lifetime messages to console target for faster startup detection -->
<logger name="Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime" minlevel="Info" writeTo="lifetimeConsole, ownFile-web" final="true" />
<!--Skip non-critical Microsoft logs and so log only own logs (BlackHole) -->
<logger name="Microsoft.*" maxlevel="Info" final="true" />
<logger name="System.Net.Http.*" maxlevel="Info" final="true" />
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="ownFile-web" />
</rules>
</nlog>
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使用NLog
在Program.cs加入如下代码，
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| builder.Logging.ClearProviders();
builder.Logging.SetMinimumLevel(Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel.Trace); //日志级别
builder.Host.UseNLog();
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日志是使用方式不变，因为是直接替换的日志的组件，基于接口的日志调用方式不变。
Serilog
安装Serilog
使用Serilog
这里为了演示，我就偷个懒，直接将信息写在代码中,先是配置日志规则
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| Log.Logger = new LoggerConfiguration()
.WriteTo.Console()
.WriteTo.File("log-.txt", rollingInterval: RollingInterval.Day, outputTemplate: "{Timestamp:HH:mm} [{Level}] ({ThreadId}) {Message}{NewLine}{Exception}")
.CreateLogger();
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然后在使用Serilog
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| builder.Host.UseSerilog(Log.Logger, dispose: true);
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一般工作中，用的比较多的可能就是这三种了，听说,Serilog的性能比较好，我没有对比过，所以也不敢乱说，大家可以自己去了解一下。日记记录，就先了解到这里，接下来，我们继续去了解一下ASP.NET Core 6.0模型绑定
